Dengue fever

Dengue fever:-

Dengue fever:

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.

Millions of cases of dengue infection occur worldwide each year. Dengue fever is most common in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands, but thedisease has been increasing rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean ,asia ,pakistan etc.

Researchers are working on dengue fever vaccines, but the best prevention for now is to reduce mosquito habitat in areas where dengue fever is common .DF is a communicable disease.

Critical Dengue Vomiting Signs and symptoms

This signs or symptoms indicate the particular severity connected with dengue a fever

Critical stomach agony

Wintry hands and wrists and foot

Black color stools

Absolutely no Urine production considering that 4-6 hrs.

EXERCISE & HEALTH

Health Iz Wealth ;-

Top Ten Exercise Tips 

1. EXERCISE IST & MUST TO IMPROVE UR LIFE CYCLE ,LIFE STANDER , LIFE IMPROVEMENT & BETTER THN MEDICINES.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
2. Start Slow!  Many beginners make the mistake of doing too much when they first start out.  If you haven't worked out in a while (or ever) start with a walking program of about 20 to 30 minutes, 3 days a week. Each session, add a few minutes to your workout to progress each week.
3. Write down your workouts every day, making notes about what you did, how you felt and how you improved since your last workout.
4. Schedule your workouts each week, just like you would a doctor's appointment.
5. Harass your best friend, spouse or significant other into working out with you!
6. Every day, ask yourself how you will make your life healthier.  It can be as simple as drinking more water or parking farther away from the front door.
7. Reward yourself!  Give yourself a massage when you reach your goals, or maybe some new workout clothes.
8. Set daily or weekly goals.  Long term goals are great, but are so far away we often forget why we're working so hard.  To stay motivated, write down a daily or weekly goal and then follow number 7 (rewarding yourself) if you reach it.
9. Prepare for your workout the night before by packing your gym bag or, if you work out at home, laying out your workout clothes so when you get home, you're ready to go.
10. Eat regularly throughout the day so you don't bonk during your workout. 

HYPER TENSION/ HTN.(HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)

PREVENTION IZ BETTER THN MEDICINES:



HIGH-BLOOD PRESSURE :


There are eight main ways you can control your blood pressure.

They are:

1.Eat a better diet, which may include reducing salt
2.Enjoy regular physical activity
3.Maintain a healthy weight
4.Manage stress
5.Avoid tobacco smoke
6.Comply with medication prescriptions
7.If you drink, limit alcohol
8.Understand hot tub safety

      Lifestyle modifications are essential. These changes may reduce your blood pressure without the use of prescription medications. Adopting a healthy lifestyle is critical for the prevention of HBP and an indispensable part of managing it. Think of these changes as a "lifestyle prescription" and make every effort to comply with them.

Whether you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, also called hypertension, or are concerned because you have some of the risk factors for the disease, understand this: while there is no cure, high blood pressure is manageable.

 Heart-healthy lifestyle, you can:

1.Reduce high blood pressure
2.Prevent or delay the development of HBP
3.Enhance the effectiveness of blood pressure medications
4.Lower your risk of heart attack, heart disease, stroke and kidney disease

Here's how to do your part:

Be informed
Of all people with high blood pressure, over 20 percent are unaware of their condition. This symptomless disease could leave them with substantial health consequences. Are you one of them? If you don't know, see a healthcare professional to be tested.
Do your part to reach your treatment goals
There is no healthy level of high blood pressure. Don't take life-or-death chances with this disease. Instead, take responsibility! Work with your healthcare professional to determine your treatment goals and map out your best action plan for HBP prevention and management.

Stay Physically Active


Change your life and reduce your risks
Even if your blood pressure is normal (less than 120 mm Hg systolic AND less than 80 mm Hg diastolic) and your goal is prevention only, the lifestyle modifications provide a prescription for healthy living.

If your resting blood pressure falls in the pre-hypertension range (systolic - top- number between 120 and 139 mm Hg OR diastolic - bottom - number between 80 and 89 mm Hg), your doctor will recommend lifestyle modifications.


Take medication if it is prescribed for you
If your blood pressure is 140/90 or higher, your doctor will likely prescribe medication in addition to lifestyle modifications. Follow your healthcare professional's recommendations carefully, even if it means taking medication every day for the rest of your life. High blood pressure is a lifelong disease, and by partnering with your healthcare team, you can successfully reach your treatment goals and enjoy the benefits of better health.

Once your treatment program becomes routine, maintaining a lower blood pressure is easier. Remind yourself that by managing your blood pressure, you are lowering your risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease. Death rates from these diseases have decreased significantly, thanks in part to earlier and better treatment of HBP.

kilao ( sweet dry fruit product ) apricot &walnet seed /kernel

                    Kilao                               

Introduction :-

 GKilao is the most famous product of Punial. It is made in the tehsil Punial of District Ghizer as well as Gilgit Baltistan. There are two kinds of kilaofirst one is almond kernels and second one is apricot kernels. The ingredients of kilao are "grape juice+almond kernels and grape juice+apricot kernels"

Ghizer is one of the district of Gilgit Baltistan in which a very huge quantity of fruits are available. Punial is the heart of the district Ghizer Punial also means "plate of fruits". In every village of this tehsil, all type of fruits are available there.killao is local product of this areas .

PROCEDUR;-
2.MATRIAL COLLECTION;-

GRAPE

PICT

PICT

APRICOT SEED

3.Preperation

·         1.collection material :-

     1.walnet seed

     2.apricot seed

     3.grap water.

     4.distal water

  

2.Procduere “-

Killao is homeo pruduct of this areas and have simple methodes for preperation .Collect dry fruotes ( apricot seed or walnet seeds) according to production quantity and etract the grape water pulps by heating .

Preperation :-

1.take walnet seed or apricot seed one by one put into grap water.

2.Dry it 3 days on sun light 

3.finishing p

POLO MATCH ,GAHKUCH G.B

GAHKUCH GHIZAR
Highlander polo club...
won semi final match 
Highlander = 5
Baseen A= 4 — with Aisar Ali Balawar and 11 others.
Highlander polo club...
won semi final match 
Highlander = 5
Baseen A= 4

Antibiotics Classification Mechanism Definition free updates

https://medicinesphm.blogspot.com

Antibiotics ;-

Short Definition;-


Anti means against, Bio means life, Tic means Medicines/ Drugs
antibiotics means those drugs which we can use against the life of
micro-organism .

Classification

Classified Antibiotics according to their Machnism of action and their chemical structure.
1 Cell wall synthesis inhabitor .
2 Protein Synthesis inhabitor.
3 DNA RNA Synthesis inhabitor

https://medicinesphm.blogspot.com/

ANTIBIOTIC CLASSIFICATION AND MECHANISM;-

PENICILLINS CEPHALOSPORINS FLUOROQUINOLONES AMINOGLYCOSIDES MONOBACTAMS CARBAPENEMS MACROLIDES OTHER Natrual First generation Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Levofloxacin (Levaguin) Moxifloxacin (Avelox) Norfloxacin       Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Tobramycin       Aztreonam      Ertapenem Imienem Meropenem      Azithromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Clindamycin      Vancomycin Rifampin Doxycycline Linezolid Tetracycline Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxacole Penicillin G Penicillin-VK Cephalothin Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) Cephapririn Cephalexin (Keflex) other Penicillinase Resistant Second Generation Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin other Cefacor Cefotetan (Cefotan) other Aminopenicillins Third Generation Ampicillin Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) other Fourth Generation Cefpirome Cefepime

Antibiotic Grouping By Mechanism ;- Cell Wall Synthesis CELL WALL SYNTHESIS Penicillins Cephalosporins Vancomycin Beta-lactamase Inhibitors Carbapenems Aztreonam Polymycin Bacitracin Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Inhibit 30s Subunit Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) Tetracyclines Inhibit 50s Subunit Macrolides Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Linezolid Streptogramins DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Fluoroquinolones  Metronidazole RNA synthesis Inhibitors Rifampin Mycolic Acid synthesis inhibitors Isoniazid Folic Acid synthesis inhibitors Sulfonamides Trimethoprim

Antibiotic Classification & Indications

Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis Penicillins (bactericidal: blocks cross linking via competitive inhibition of the transpeptidase enzyme) Class/Mechanism Drugs Indications (**Drug of Choice) Toxicity Penicillin Penicillin G Aqueous penicillin G Procaine penicillin G Benzathine penicillin G Penicillin V Strep. pyogenes (Grp.A)** Step. agalactiae (Grp.B)** C. perfringens(Bacilli)** Hypersensitivity reaction Hemolytic anemia Aminopenicillins Ampicillin Amoxicillin Above + ↑ Gram-negative: E. faecalis** E. Coli**  Above Penicillinase-resistant-penicillins Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Above + PCNase-producingStaph. aureus Above + Interstitial nephritis Antipseudomonal penicillins Carbenicillin Ticarcillin Piperacillin Above + Pseudomonas aeruginosa**  Above Cephalosporins (bactericidal: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via competitive inhibition of the transpeptidase enzyme) 1st generation  Cefazolin Cephalexin Staph. aureus** Staph. epidermidis** Some Gram-negatives: E. Coli Klebsiella Allergic reaction Coombs-positive anemia (3%) 2nd generation Cefoxitin Cefaclor Cefuroxime Above + ↑ Gram-negative Allergic Reaction ETOH Disulfiram reaction 3rd generation Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Cefepime (4th generation) Above + ↑ Gram-negative Pseudomonas Allergic Reaction ETOH Disulfiram reaction Other Cell Wall Inhibitors Vancomycin  (bactericidal: disrupts peptioglycan cross-linkage)  Vancomycin MRSA** PCN/Ceph allegies** S. aureus S. epidermidis Red man syndrome Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Beta-lactamase Inhibitors  (bactericidal: blocking cross linking) Clavulanic Acid Sulbactam Tazobactam S aureus**S epidermis**E.Coli** Klebsiella** Hypersensitivity Reaction Hemolytic anemia Carbapenems Imipenem (+ cilastatin) Meropenem Doripenem Ertapenem Broadest activity of any antibiotic (except MRSA, Mycoplasma) Aztreonam Aztreonam Gram-negative rods Aerobes Hospital-acquired infections Polymyxins Polymyxin B Polymyxin E Topical Gram-negative infections Bacitracin Bacitracin Topical Gram-positive infections Protein Synthesis Inhibition Anti-30S ribosomal subunit Aminoglycosides (bactericidal: irreversible binding to 30S)  Gentamicin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin Aerobic Gram-negatives Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic: blocks tRNA) Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline Demeclocycline RickettsiaMycoplasmaSpirochetes (Lyme's disease) Hepatotoxicity Tooth discoloration Impaired growth Avoid in children < 12 years of age Anti-50S ribosomal subunit Macrolides(bacteriostatic: reversibly binds 50S) Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Streptococcus H. influenzae Mycoplamsa pneumonia Coumadin Interaction (cytochrome P450) Chloramphenicol(bacteriostatic) Chloramphenicol H influenzae Bacterial Meningitis Brain absces Aplastic Anemia Gray Baby Syndrome Lincosamide (bacteriostatic: inhibits peptidyl transferase by interfering with amino acyl-tRNA complex) Clindamycin Bacteroides fragilis S aureus Coagulase-negative Staph & StrepExcellent Bone Penetration Pseudomembranous colitis Hypersensitivity Reaction Linezolid (variable) Linezolid Resistant Gram-positives Streptogramins Quinupristin Dalfopristin VRE GAS and S. aureus skin infections DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Fluoroquinolones (bactericidal: inhibit DNA gyrase enzyme, inhibiting DNA synthesis) 1st generation  Nalidixic acid Steptococcus MycoplasmaAerobic Gram + PhototoxicityAchilles tendon rupture Impaired fracture healing  2nd generation Ciprofloxacin Norfloxacin Enoxacin Ofloxacin Levofloxacin As Above +Pseudomonas as above 3rd generation Gatifloxacin As above + Gram-positives as above 4th generation Moxifloxacin Gemifloxacin As above + Gram-positives + anaerobes as above Other DNA Inhibitors Metronidazole (bacteridical: metabolic biproducts disrupt DNA) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Anaerobics Seizures Crebelar dysfunction ETOH disulfram reaction RNA Synthesis Inhibitors Rifampin (bactericidal: inhibits RNA transcription by inhibiting RNA polymerase) Rifampin Staphylococcus Mycobacterium (TB)  Body fluid discoloration Hepatoxicity (with INH) Mycolic Acids Synthesis Inhibitors Isoniazid Isoniazidz TB Latent TB Folic acid Synthesis Inhibitors Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides(bacteriostatic: inhibition with PABA) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Sulfisoxazole Sulfadiazine UTI organisms Proteus Enterobacter Thrombocytopenia Avoid in third trimester of pregnancy Pyrimethamine Pyrimethamine Malaria T. gondii

Bacteria Overview

Gram Postive Cocci Staphylococcus Staph. aureus MSSA MRSA Staph. epidermis Staph saprophyticus Streptococcus Strep pneumoniae Strep pyogenes (Group A) Strep agalacticae (Group B) Strep viridans Strep Bovis (Group D) Enterococci E. faecalis (Group D strep) Gram Positive Bacilli Spore Forming Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile Non-Spore Forming Corynebacterium diphtheriae Listeria monocytogenes Gram Negative Cocci Neisseria Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram Negative Bacilli Enterics Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi Salmonella enteridis Shigella dysenteriae Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia Proteus Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus/vulnificus Helicobacter pylori Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteroides fragilis Respiratory bacilli Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilius ducreyi Bordatella pertussis Zoonotic bacilli Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Brucella Francisella tularensis Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Other Gardnerella vaginalis Other Bacteria Mycobacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae MOTTS Spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi Leptospira interrogans Treponema pallidum Chlamydiaceae Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydophila Rickettsia Ehrlichia Mycoplasmataceae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Ureaplasma urealyticum Fungus-like Bacteria Actinomyces israelii Nocardia

https://medicinesphm.blogspot.com PREVENTION IZ BETTER THN MEDICINES.

pharmacy health & medicines , Carrot Benefits,

Carrot benefits for health :-
"health is wealth"

1. Calories

A serving of carrot juice (one cup) has around 80 calories. For those who have the typical caloric intake of 2000 calories a day, this means that a cup of carrot juice will count for around 4 percent of your daily caloric intake. Because of this, carrot juice is an excellent alternative option for water as well as other juices. If you were to compare carrot juice to other options, the same amount of orange juice has 113 calories while tomato juice contains 50 calories.

2. Vitamins and Minerals

Each cup of carrot juice contains a great deal of the vitamins and minerals your body needs to ingest each day.

Vitamin A. When you have a cup of carrot juice, you are consuming 340 percent of your daily recommended dose of vitamin A.
Potassium. In addition to this vitamin, you will also get 18 percent of your recommended dose of potassium in addition to seven percent of your recommended daily value of iron.
Vitamin C. Just 100g carrot juice can contain as much as 3 milligrams of vitamin C, a vitamin that is essential for the immune system.
Vitamin E. You will also get 0.3 milligrams of vitamin E with each 100g, which is necessary for the synthesis of hormones and to maintain healthy cells.
B Vitamins. Carrot juice is also an excellent source of several B vitamins. For 100g fresh carrot juice, it provides 0.01 milligrams of vitamin B1 which is necessary for the nervous system and brain to function properly. It also contains 0.02 milligrams of vitamin B2 which is required to maintain healthy vision and metabolism.
3. Macronutrients

Carrot juice is also an excellent source of healthy amounts of micronutrients.

Fat. Fat is one of the macronutrients that it is easy to consume too much of and therefore it is good that carrot juice only contains 0.7 grams of fat for each serving of one cup of juice.
Protein. MayoClinic suggests that between 10 and 35 percent of the daily caloric intake comes from protein with variations depending on individuals. With a protein content of 1.3 grams per serving, carrot juice provides a nice low amount.
Carbs. Most daily meal plans should include between 225 and 325 grams of carbs and one serving of carrot juice will provide 18 grams of these.

medical benefits :-

1.stimulate appitite , improve digestion

 2.protection eyesight

3.prevent cancer

4.regulate blood sugar

5.skin benefits

6.lungs improve

7.liver function improvement