chloramphenichol antibiotic latest free updates (uses or history)

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CHLORAMPHENICHOL –EYE DROP, CAP & OINTMENT

DISCOERY

Chloramphenicol was discovered in 1947. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. 

The wholesale cost in the developing world of an intravenous dose is about 0.40 to 1.90 USD. Global issues relating to bacterial resistance have revived interest in its use.

History

In 2007, the accumulation of reports associating aplastic anemia and blood dyscrasia with chloramphenicol eye drops lead to the classification of “probable human carcinogen” according to World Health Organization criteria, based on the known published case reports and the spontaneous reports submitted to the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects.

Chloramphenicol eye drops and eye ointment are used to treat bacterial eye

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infections. Eye infections are a common cause of conjunctivitis. In conjunctivitis, your eye becomes inflamed, feels gritty, and may water more than usual. The white of your eye may look red, and your eyelids can become swollen and stuck together with a discharge when you wake up in the morning. Only one eye may be infected to begin with, but it often spreads to both eyes.

How to use chloramphenicol eye drops

1.    Wash your hands before you use the drops.

2.    Remove the cap from the bottle (or the tip of the unit if you are using a single-use unit).

3.    Tilt your head back a little and pull the lower lid of your eye downwards to form a pocket.

4.    Hold the bottle (or single-use unit) upside down near to your eye. Try not to touch your eye as you do this.

5.    Apply enough pressure to release one drop into your eye. Only use a second drop if the first drop missed going into your eye.

6.    Close your eye for a minute or two, and press gently on the side of your nose where the corner of your eye meets your nose. This helps to stop the drop from draining away and keeps it in your eye.

7.    Repeat the process in your other eye if both eyes are affected.

8. Replace the cap (or if you are using a single-use unit, throw the used unit away).

 Therapeutic indications

Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic indicated in both adults and children for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by chloramphenicol susceptible organisms including: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Morax-axenfeld, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species and others.

PREVENTION IZ BETTER THN MEDICINES.