Hyoscine Uses ,(History) ,Adverse effect, Dose

icon

HYOSCINE;-

History;-

icon

Earlier alkaloids (ATROPA BELLADONNA DERIVATIVE) isolated from plant sources, scopolamine has been in use in its purified forms (such as various salts, including hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide and sulfate), since its isolation by the German scientist Albert Ladenburg in 1880, and as various preparations from its plant-based form since antiquity and perhaps prehistoric times. Following the description of the structure and activity of scopolamine by Ladenburg, the search for synthetic analogues of and methods for total synthesis of scopolamine and/or atropine in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in the discovery of diphenhydramine, an early antihistamine and the prototype of its chemical subclass of these drugs, and pethidine, the first fully synthetic opioid analgesic,

Medical uses;-

pict

Hyoscine has a number of uses in medicine, where it is used to treat the following.

· Postoperative nausea and vomiting and sea sickness, leading to its use by scuba divers

· Motion sickness (where it is often applied as a transdermal patch behind the ear)

· Gastrointestinal spasms

· Renal or biliary spasms 

pict

· Aid in gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy

· Irritable bowel syndrome

· Clozapine-induced hypersalivation (drooling)

· Bowel colic

· Eye inflammation 

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE;-

pict

Adverse effects;-

Adverse effect incidence:-

immage

• Dry mouth
• Dyshidrosis (reduced ability to sweat in order to cool off)
• Tachycardia (usually occurs at higher doses and is succeeded by bradycardia)
• Bradycardia
• Urticaria (hives)
• Pruritus (itching)

Pregnancy;-

pict

Scopolamine crosses the placenta and is a pregnancy category C medication, meaning a risk to the fetus cannot be ruled out.

Route of administration;-

Scopolamine can be taken by mouth, subcutaneously, ophthalmically and intravenously, as well as via a transdermal patch.

DOSES FORM;-

pict

1.TABLETES

2.SYRUP

3.INJECTION ETC .

PREVENTION IZ BETTER THN MEDICINES.